The Most Influential Designers of the Century

Paul Poiret (1879 – 1944) is best known for liberating women from corsets. Lacking certain technical dressmaking skills Poiret made draping the focal point of his designs. He was interested in simple shapes that freed the body and being inspired by Fauvism, Japanese culture and the Ballet Russes mostly used exotic colours. He was the king of Oriental Era in 1910's and a natural businessman. He expanded limits of what fashion meant at the time and brought some serious innovations to the industry. Kimono coat, â€Å"hobble† skirt, â€Å"lampshade† tunics, â€Å"harem† pantaloons are all signature outfits of Paul Poiret.Along with other designers like Mariano Fortuny, Paul Poiret helped to establish what we now call a Classical style and of course, he is one of those designers who define Exoticism. While researching this revolutionary designer I came up with idea of three types of women he designed for: 1) Goddess-like woman in rich colored, empire waisted, b eautifully draped dress; 2) Exotic, seductive, slave-like woman in turban and harem pantaloons/hobble skirt. 3) Rich, extravagant Eastern/Japanese woman in fur, velvet, etc. lush fabrics.Gabrielle Coco Chanel (1883 – 1971) is rightfully called a queen of 20's. She was (and still is) one of the most influential designers of all time. The style that Chanel promoted is considered classic today, not to mention timeless wardrobe essentials as little black dress or Chanel suit. Channel started off by shortening hemlines so that women who now had to work in factories (post WWI) would feel more comfortable. Using unconventional fabrics (at the time) like jersey and tweed she adapted menswear to women needs and actually transformed what a modern woman means.Her woman was independent and strong. She lowered the waistline to upper hips level thus creating an androgynous/boyish silhouette – La Garconne. Combining elegance and practicality she used simple materials to create access ories: for the first time in history daring to mix pearls with glass beads and inventing â€Å"poor chic†. On the contrary to Poiret, Coco Chanel was an experienced seamstress and paid great attention to details. Later in her career, she stopped using sewing machines and started making every garment by hand.She was also known for her signature embroidery which was carried out by Russian house Kitmir exclusively for her. For me, Chanel stands for timeless elegance. She is inspirational image of independence and innovation. Nowadays, Karl Lagerfeld is a head of design in house of Chanel. Here are my three favorite looks this season (from pret-a-porter A/W 2012): Madeleine Vionnet (1876 – 1975) was the first designer to adapt her â€Å"haute couture† designs to high street and by doing so she transformed commercial fashion industry. Vionnet combined modern business practices with innovation in dressmaking.She is also praised for taking garment construction to the h ighest level – adopting and perfecting the bias-cut (many people say she invented the bias cut but in her biography Vionnet clearly states that is not true), making dresses with one seam and showing off outstanding cutting skills in each garment. Vionnet promoted style which I would describe as Grecian aesthetics minimized and polished to form clean, sleek, ageless idea of beauty. In 1925 British Vogue, articulating Vionnet's appeal, declared her ‘perhaps the greatest geometrician among all French couturiers'.Her ideas survived and are continued with great success in the house of Vionnet. http://vionnet. com Here are some of my favorite looks this season: Elsa Schiaparelli (1890–1973), Italian designer and the greatest rival of Chanel was a very influential figure in 30's fashion. Fascinated by Surrealism, she formed one of the most iconic partnerships between Art and Fashion while working with world-renowned artist Salvador Dali. (I must mention though, that she collaborated with many other artists of the time).Unfortunately, she didn't adapt to changes after WWII and her business had to close in 1954. Today, her garments are kept in museums and she is praised as a genius, messiah of ultramodern couture. Few of her creations are particularly famous: Tear (1), Lobster (2) and Skeleton (3) dresses and Shoe hat (4). Claire McCardell (1905-1958) is regarded as the inventor of the â€Å"American Look†. With the rationing of silk and wool during WWII, she employed corduroy, seersucker, denim and cotton fabrics to create sensational designs. She said, that â€Å"All of us, any of us, deserves the right to a good fashion†.Her Monastic and Popover dresses were massive hits, not to mention cloth ballet slippers which survived until today. She was the originator of mix-and-match separates, spaghetti straps, pedal-pushers, bareback summer dresses, strapless swimsuits, and feminine denim fashion. Immediately after WWII, Christian Dior (19 5 – 1957) jumped into a fashion arena. He launched his â€Å"New Look† in 1947 and it was an immediate success. After years of rationing Dior cut himself loose and designed dresses with full skirts (making of these required up to 50 yards of fabric), â€Å"waspie† waists and slender shoulder line.He brought back femininity and hope for a better life. Although many people in Europe were shocked with such drastic changes, Americans gladly accepted the new breeze and much of Dior's income in the first years came from export to USA. Unfortunately, genius died 10 years later leaving young master Yves Saint Laurent as an artistic director of his house. Today Dior house is one of the strongest leaders in fashion industry and one of my personal favorites as well. Here are my three favorite looks from A/W 2012 haute couture collection:Yves Saint Laurent (1936 – 2008) was hailed as the man who (at the age of 22) saved the house of Dior, a King of French fashion and a first couturier to present ready-to-wear collections. I think that the most important time began when he opened his own house in 1962. He was a genius and cared about empowering women, also (much like Schiaparelli) he aimed to shock. Therefore a trouser suit – Le Smoking – was born. It was a trend setting evening trouser suit and it became Yves Saint Laurent's trademark, also a must-have in modern women's wardrobe.We have to be grateful to him for blazers, see-through blouses and a business wardrobe for women. He was one of the main figures in 60's and 70's taking the best out of pop culture and translating it to fashion (Andy Warhol inspired dresses). He was also a great lover of art so he designed a collection of dresses inspired by his favorite painter Piet Mondrian. â€Å"Mondrian Look† (especially one particular dress) is as famous as New Look or Elsa Schiaparelli's Tear dress. Yves Saint Laurent house continues to make androgynous women designs under le adership of newly appointed creative director Hedi Slimane.Here are my favorite looks from Spring/Summer 2013 ready-to-wear collection: Hubert de Givenchy (1927 – today) is best known for his elegant, refined style, and for his popularity with celebrities like Audrey Hepburn (Audrey Hepburn became a symbol of house of Givenchy, she popularized him in movies like â€Å"Sabrina†, â€Å"Breakfast at Tiffany's†, â€Å"My fair lady†, etc. ) , Jackie Kennedy, Grace Kelly and many others. Givenchy introduced a new concept of mix and match separates (unthinkable in 1950's). His signature garments were: little black dress and â€Å"Bettina† blouse.Creating elegance for 40 years straight, Givenchy house continues to astonish the world today with a new leader Riccardo Tisci. Here are my favorite looks from A/W 2012: Givenchy's idol was Cristobal Balenciaga (1895 – 1972) a great Spanish couturier and colorist. He was strictly modern, very technical and a master of illusion. He invented the threequarter-length sleeve and the standaway collar. He taught fashion design classes, inspiring other designers such as Oscar de la Renta, Andre Courreges, Emanuel Ungaro, Mila Schon and Hubert de Givenchy.He was so innovative, that he designed waistless dresses and tunics in 50's proving to be fashion forward by almost a decade. However, in 1968 he decided to close his business. Balenciaga house was bought by Gucci group and today is run by Nicolas Ghesquiere, one of the most talented designers of today(as praised by Vogue). Here are my favorite looks of the season: Mary Quant (1934 – today) is a British designer and fashion icon which has become synonymous with the â€Å"swinging sixties† in London. She is credited with the invention of a mini skirt, skinny rib sweater and false lashes.She reinvented the use of PVC material and created the popular â€Å"Wet Look†. She popularized hot pants and eventually received OBE and Hall of Fame awards from British Council for her outstanding contribution to fashion industry. Through 70's and 80's she concentrated on cosmetics industry and interior design and her clothing lines became of secondary importance. Today she has about 200 Mary Quant Colour shops in Japan where her cosmetic products remain popular. Vivienne Westwood (1941 – today) is the mother of 70's punk era.Together with Malcolm McLaren she established a brand that specialized in clothing with bondage pants, kilts, chains, leather jackets and T-shirts with provocative imagery. Popularized by McLaren's managed band â€Å"Sex Pistols† the look became a new wave of fashion . It was quickly accepted amongst teenagers and young adults and I think it captured the overall atmosphere of self-expression in 70's. Vivienne did not stop here though, she went on to receive prestigious OBE and DBE awards and opened quite a few labels under her name: Golden Label, Anglomania, Red Label and Man.Her house successfully work today and here are my favourite looks from A/W 2012 collection: Rei Kawabuko (1942 – today) is a Japanese avant-garde designer which managed to enter the international fashion scene with an uproar. In 1983 (together with another designer Japanese designer Yohji Yamamoto) she presented a new concept in fashion – deconstructed silhouette, colourless, distressed fabrics and garments full of clothes. The look was immediately dubbed â€Å"the Hiroshima chic†, â€Å"boro look†, â€Å"beggar look† and similar.Her distinctive point of view shocked and amused the West and that earned her a place in Parisian Chambre Syndicale du Pret-a-Porter. Today she is a head of her own company Comme des Garcons, and one of the most popular brands in the world. Here are my favourite looks from this season: Yohji Yamamoto (1943 – today) became popular at the same time as Rei Kawabuko. Presenting the unprecedented style concept to Western fas hion world with his 1983 cutwork collection he was instantly acknowledged and recognized.His asymmetrical designs always take a viewer by surprise, his commercially successful designs are sold worldwide and together with Rei Kawabuko Yohji Yamamoto is held responsible for putting Tokyo on the map fashion wise. Wonderful thing is, that despite similarities in Kawabuko's and Yamamoto's designs (and their life together in 80s – 90s) they both have different aesthetics and distinctive directions. Kawabuko occurs to me to be more conceptual and Yamamoto is way more elegant designer. Here are my favourite looks:John Galliano (1960 – today) is one of the most controversial designers today but nevertheless, genius. In short, he graduated from Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design Galliano was awarded the â€Å"British Designer of the Year† in the year 1987, 1994 and 1995. Due to frequent financial troubles he accepted the job offer at Givenchy and in two years time he was transferred to Dior as a creative director of the house. He also has his own house under his name. Achieving that amount of success in a short period of time, he is proven to be genius and of course he has plenty of respectable awards to prove it.His creations are magical, his style is very dramatic and his presentations are always theatrical . Despite his recent â€Å"crimes† (in 2011 he was dismissed from Dior when found guilty of racial insults in public) Galliano name still stands for unspeakable elegance and innovation, his garments are highly collectible. It is unclear to me what happened to genius after he was dismissed from Dior. House of Galliano is working without his original captain under leadership of Bill Gaytten. However his idea of beauty prevails and I think he is the next Chanel. Here are my favourite looks from this season:Alexander McQueen (1969 – 2010) was a magnificent designer who left a huge imprint through his short lifetime. He wo n a great number of awards for his distinctive dramatic point of view, including Commander of the Order of the British Empire, International Designer of the Year 2003 by Council of fashion designers of America and others of similar caliber. Ever since he entered fashion industry he was considered a genius. Fashion editors were left in awe after each new collection, not to mention the infamous VOSS. He is well known for his collaborations with celebrities such as Lady Gaga, Bjork, Kanye West and Katy Perry.I would say his style is eccentric, avant-garde but extremely elegant at the same time. Alexander McQueen was original in every way and extremely technical as well. After unfortunate and untimely death of genius in 2010 Sarah Burton took the helm of Alexander McQueen's house and added her own feminine touch to the name. She has also designed a wedding dress for the Royal Wedding of Kate Middleton and Prince Williams. Alexander McQueen's house successfully runs today and here are fe w wonderful creations from this year Autumn/Winter collection:

Domestic Violence And Its Effects Essay

Domestic Violence And Its Effects Introduction            This essay the main women characters in ‘Trifles’ by Susan Glaspell and ‘Sweat’ by Zora Neale Thurston to explore domestic violence. The two plays form an ideal pair which explores domestic violence and its effects in the society. The essay considers how this issue is dramatized differently by Glaspell and Zora. By examining the two novels together, in the limelight of domestic violence and its impacts, the essayist will better discern, in relief, of the two plays achieve success and continues to fascinate the readers. Both novelists explore the relation between the legal narrative, official and illegitimate, suppressed stories, in which the females and the male’s version of conflict ascend over one another and the fate of women, determine their trials. In Trifles, the law is bent and the context of the women replaces the context of men in the court.            Domestic violence or emotional abuse is a behaviour used by one spouse to take control of the other. Forms of domestic abuse include sexual abuse, emotional, physical and economical, and can range from coercive, subtle forms of misuse to brutal physical abuse that may result to death or .disfigurement. Domestic violence affects those involved together with their substantial families, co-workers, friends and community at large. This crime affects children brought up in such families seriously. It subjects them to numerous physical and social problems. This creates a significant chance of increasing the risks of such children becoming the society’s next victims and abusers. The Trifle and the Sweat will give us a great opportunity of exploring some forms of domestic violence and their effects to the victims.            Susan Glaspell and Zora Neale Hurston lived during the early 1900s (Wagner-Martin, pp. 33). During this period, the role of the women in the society was being submissive to men as well as taking care of the domestic duties and responsibilities. This took place in all rural areas. Women hardly worked in order to support their families financially (Lupton, pp. 46). Their principal duties were to take care of children and attend other household duties. As a result, females were placed in the second class status where they were not considered as intelligent as men and were subjected to abuse. The two plays capture the struggles faced by women during this time. Males regard women in the plays with all the formulaic trappings in the setting of the rural American. Nevertheless, Glaspell and Hurston show women rarely fit the stereotype and should never be underestimated at all.            The society during this time had great influence on the way people lived, and could either liberate or oppress based on their standards of living. The society believed in the male superiority and women were oppressed and discontented with their lives. The women in the ‘Sweat’ and the ‘Trifles’ are alienated from their spouses as a result of traditional beliefs that dictate that women should be submissive, the males should dominate marriages, and the need of possessions to facilitate a happy marriage (Lupton, pp. 48).            The Sweat tells the story of a hero Delia Jones, who washes clothes for the whites in Florida town. She used to use the money she got to support her family (Hurston, pp.77). Nevertheless, Delia is married to an unkind man, Sykes. He is abusive to Delia, both physically and mentally. He has an affair with another lady and he uses the money earned by Delia to comfort his mistress. One day, he brings a rattle snake to his house in order to abuse Delia. Ironically, the snake kills him. As the play ends up the author makes the reader under that Delia does no effort to save the life of her abusive husband as he lay dying of bites inflicted by the snake.            Married women are unequally treated. They are required to do all domestic works and be submissive to their spouses. They are required to do things in order to please their husbands. Delia is abused by Sykes who physically beats her from time to time. As a result, domestic violence washes out the love between them. This is evident from the passive response of Delia when her husband suffers from the pains inflicted into his body by the rattle snake which he had brought into the house to abuse Delia. The narrator makes the theme clear by the reaction of Delia. Where there is abuse in marriage, suppressed parties will always want to revenge to the evil did by their husbands. Delia reacts with less concern about the pain her husband is going through as a way of revenging the abuse she has been going through the married life.            Domestic violence causes unfair treatment to the passive party. In the very beginning of the story, the writer makes the reader witness how women are used to attending all domestic chores. At this time, there were no employment opportunities for women more so the blacks. Nevertheless, Sykes is very unsympathetic to the needs of Delia who works for very little money in the laundry. He refuses to work and leaves his wife with all financial responsibilities. When Sykes tries to beat his wife, she says, † Looka heah, Sykes, you done gone too far. Ah, been married to you fur fifteen years and Ah been takin in washing for fifteen years. Sweat sweat, sweat! Work and sweat, cry and sweat, pray and sweat!† (Hurston, pp.89). This clearly shows that in families dominated by domestic families, the life is so unfulfilling to the spouse affected and there is no love for each other.            Marriages dominated by violence are subject to threats to each other. Sykes keeps on beating his wife and repeatedly uses threats such as â€Å"Don’t give me no lip neither, else Ah’ll throw em out and put ma fist upside yo head to boot.† (Hurston, pp. 91). Ironically, the society knows what happening between the two spouses but they believe that what happens in marriages is too personal to question.            Domestic violence leads to unfaithfulness and hatred in marriages. The novel reveals that Sykes carries publicly affairs with another woman. To make the matters worse, he uses the hardly earned money by his wife to comfort the mistress. Sykes keeps on telling Delia that she is too thin and that his other partner is fatter, just to make Delia inferior to his mistress. One day as Delia comes from work she sees the two in a general store. Sykes publicly embarrasses her and says he has no problem with spending her wife’s hard earned money with his mistress. That very night she confronts her husband and the two confess hatred to one another. The author makes the reader understand that domestic violence is accompanied by hatred and misuse of one another. In the end, Delia revenges back in order to get the inner peace. When Delia is hiding in the hangar from the rattlesnake, Hurston writes, â€Å"A period of introspection, a space of retrospection, and then a mixt ure of both. Out of this an unpleasant calm.† (Hurston, pp. 78) Possibly this is all Delia will ever find to pacify her soul.            Domestic violence is characterised by conflicts as seen in the case of Sykes and her wife. The conflict between the two starts when Delia brings her work in the house. Sykes is angered when he comes home and finds his wife sorting the cloths of her bosses. He verbally abuses her and tells her that he does not want the laundry in their home. He also attacks his wife on religious conviction. He wants her to respect the Sabbath day and keep it holy by not working. Delia tells him that her work caters for their home and wins them their daily bread. As a result, the author makes the reader understand that domestic violence makes parties not appreciate the roles of their spouses. They are always at the blame of each other and the marriage is dominated by criticism as evident in the marriage between Delia and Sykes.            Domestic violence leads to murderous deeds in marriages. As a result of the hatred, adulterous behaviours and abuse of one another the feeling of killing the abusive party enters into the other party. For instance, as Trifles opens, Henderson asks Mr. Hale to explain to him what happened. Mr. Hales responds by narrating a series of events which led to his discovery on murder, more so his conversation with Mrs. Wright, whom he found in the kitchenette with the body of his husband laying carelessly. He says, â€Å"I was surprised; she did not ask me to come up to the stove, or to set down, but just sat there, not even looking at me, so I said, ‘I want to see John.’ And then she-laughed† (Glaspell, pp.37). The narrator makes it clear that Mrs. Wright never minds about the death of her husband as laughed at him when he demanded to see her husband. Glaspell presents Mrs. Wright as a woman who had no feminine hysteria behaviour.            Domestic violence leads to neglect of the spouses: Neglect can be said to be ignorance, or lack of giving proper attention to one another. Neglect is a major form of domestic abuse faced by many females today’s society. This form of abuse is rarely reported to the concerned authorities as women make mere excuses in regard to those behaviours. Mrs. Wright of Trifle though she is a fiction character suffers the neglect as many women of today. Before the marriage, she was known for her pretty dress which she used to attend to choir with. This personality depicted the confidence and respect she had for herself. After marriage, her life makes significant changes. She had no children and used to stay alone in the house that she occupied together with her husband. She used to stay at home alone for many hours attending family duties.            Domestic violence leads to suppression of the spouses: Where violence exists there is always suppression of another. This argument is supported by the two novels. In trifles, Mr. Wright suppresses and dominates his wife. The suppression makes her be unable to take part in society as she wished to. John Wring does not mind about how her wife thought or wished. The same suppression and the indifferences between the two can be seen as the possible drive for accusations made against Mrs. Wright for murdering her husband while in his sleep. References Ben-Zvi, Linda. â€Å"‘Murder, she wrote’: The genesis of Susan Glaspell’s Trifles.† Theatre Journal 44.2 (1992): 141-162. Glaspell, Susan. â€Å"Trifles. Plays by Susan Glaspell.† (1991). Hilton, Leon. â€Å"Trifles, by Susan Glaspell.† Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory 21.1 (2011): 147-149. Hurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. Rutgers University Press, 1997.Lupton, Mary Jane. â€Å"Zora Neale Hurston and the Survival of the Female.† The Southern Literary Journal (1982): 45-54. Wagner-Martin, Linda, and Cathy N. Davidson, Eds. The Oxford book of women’s writing in the United States. Oxford University Press, 1999. Source document

Career Goals And Future Aspirations

Introduction The topic of interest for this research paper consists of researching role-play within make believe play in young children and if it can predict future career goals depending on the child’s gender. Though this topic can be complex to study, it is incredibly relevant due to the fact play in general; play has a huge impact on children and their development along with enhancement in general in context of multiple skills. Past literature has stated that make-believe play can enhance social†¦ children’s future career goals and lifestyle. The proposed researcher has greatly benefited and enhanced prior background, but future research will focus on gender roles within make-believe play and its significance in a child’s future career to better understand the importance of gender roles in children’s play. With this question not being addressed within any of the prior literature, it is easy to question if gender-role play during make-believe play will impact children’s views on their future career†¦ realized that my career goal is to be involved in these policy decisions but my current knowledge is not ready for it. UofT’s Department of Economics is known to be one of the bests in the world with reputable faculty members and abundant resources for academic research. As a result, I believe that UofT can further my understanding of the real world economy and provide a solid academic base for a future career in shaping economic policy. Back when I finished my high school, a career goal seemed to be†¦ For my future career, I have decided to research the job tasks, pay scale, and requirements for a high school history teacher. I chose this particular career for a number of reasons. History is one of my passions and I knew that I desired to work in a field that pertains to them. I also feel that going into education could entail positive changes for both myself and the current system. Finally, one of my advanced placement teachers in high school motivated me to follow this career path. As a child†¦ My future career goal is to be a Veterinarian, and hopefully to open my own practice. In order to be a Veterinarian, I need to obtain a DVM (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine). The first step to obtaining a DVM is to complete undergraduate school. Several schools only require 45-90 undergraduate hours, but the school I am interested in, requires a bachelors degree. Finding a position in the field of veterinarian medicine has a high chance, due to the current rate of attrition, many Veterinarians are†¦ My professional career goals and aspirations are most accurately encapsulated from a dream which emerged from my subconscious nearly two years ago and influences me to this day. In this dream, I was on a stage preparing to present to a crowd in acceptance of an award. Before I was to speak, a video introduction played and I introduced myself as â€Å"Paris Wicker, Dean of Empathy.† Often, I find myself deconstructing this dream. I have come to understand that being a â€Å"Dean of Empathy† perfectly exemplifies†¦ materials I need they would try their very best to make me and my siblings happy. With my parents support I was able to move further into my education, build courage, confidence, complete all that I had to and will continue on to establish my future career goal. I was born on June 7, 1998 in Brooklyn, New York. I grew up living in Brooklyn, completed elementary school and I later moved to Queens at the age of 14 and started middle school in I.S. 238. I am the oldest child in the family and I have two†¦ have attended any of the fairs. I must say, that this experience opened my eyes to a lot of different things regarding my future career goals. In my paper, I will be discussing the fair that I attended, what I learned about job searching from this experience, how I will apply this experience to my future career goals, how this experience will shape my future internship and/or career path, and finally my overall thoughts of the fair. Job Fair The fair that I attended was the job fair, I decided to attend†¦ would mean so much to me and ensue me to aspire my accomplishments thus far and the accomplishments I strive for in the future. That being said, my father 's words continue to inspire me every single day and have led me to where I am today and will lead me to pursuing my future career goals as a CRNA. As I reflect on my experiences as a patient care technician, my nursing school career, and my experience thus far as a critical care RN, there has always been one thing on my mind that remains constant:†¦ might be. So people make plans. They begin to think about how they want their life to look like, then they form goals. Goals represent the finish line. You can talk about being there as much as you want but, if you do not take the necessary steps, you will be at a stand still. Goals must be formed carefully, with consideration of your past experiences, present situations, and future aspirations. I was raised with a firm understanding in who I was. Having three older brothers, I would pride myself in†¦

Ghana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ghana - Essay Example The Mali realm rose back in the mid 1300. Moreover, it emerged from the greater Ghana Empire. However, due to external disputes and internal conflicts within the Ghana Empire and the eventual crumple of the Ghanaian Kingdom, the Mali Kingdom emerged with Sundiata being their leader (Conrad 13). This clearly depicts how Ghanaian began its superiority over the Malian realm. In fact, some historians deem Ghana to be the greatest kingdom in the early part of the 1300. Besides, civilization started in Ghana earlier than in Mali. In fact, civilization in Ghana began even before the arrival of the Europeans into Africa. Moreover, Ghana had started trading early, where they operated with other communities. Their trade items included gold, cloth and copper among others. Moreover, the regime imposed tax to the goldmines in the region (Conrad 14). Mali was still under Ghana Empire, and did little in terms of trade. As a result, the economic capacity of Ghana was far much better as compared to that of Mali, their counterparts. In the political aspect, Ghana had a well-organized system, with the Soninke people reigning over the Berbers. Moreover, the empire had captured a vast area and made it its kingdom. Mali was still under the Ghanaian Empire. The Ghanaian trade in gold had made the empire extremely powerful. Besides, the use of iron aided Ghana in creating weaponry for its territorial army. Furthermore, it was not until the Senegalese Almoravids intervention that capacitated the Malians to take over Ghana Kingdom (Conrad 14). In addition, the Ghana Empire was extensively rich. This mainly resulted from the expansive gold trade within the region. This distinct trade in gold made Ghana change it earlier name (Wagadugu) to its present Ghana (meaning gold land). This gave Ghana an advantage over its former territory, Mali (Conrad 16). However, the ancient Ghana is different from the contemporary Ghana. Besides, the Ghana kings controlled the gold trade

Current Economic Climate in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Current Economic Climate in Britain - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the economic climate in Britain affects businesses differently. Even with the realized economic progress, competition has heightened across all industries. Free market practices have become predominant, forcing businesses to engage in intense competition in order to secure significant market shares. Most importantly, Britain is not immune to the euro crisis as well as global financial and economic hardships. For this reason, risks might seem to outweigh benefits in starting up a new business. However, this might not be the case. The economic climate, whether it progresses, stagnates, or deteriorates, does not directly translate into business failure if risks are involved. The business environment can hardly be immune to risks and economic hardships. Business diversity in the economic context has to cope with many eventualities, which if not managed can be catastrophic to many businesses. Even in the best of economies in the world, risks cannot be ignored. Rather, the presence of risks is acknowledged and the necessary course of action taken to manage the risks. Business competition in Britain’s economy has been observed to intensify over time. Following this trend, the most influential risks for businesses are operational, financial, or economic in nature. The benefits realized by any given business in the economy depend on the opportunity identified, strategies taken to exploit the opportunity, decision making, and management practices employed. These aspects are essential in countering business start-up risks that could negatively affect the performance of the business.

Serpico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Serpico - Essay Example An understanding of Serpico’s story helps to illuminate the importance of integrity, autonomy and responsibility in every individual involved with criminal justice. The story of Frank Serpico has proved the impetus for a variety of police reforms and attempts at reform as the public found out just how extensive the system of ‘crooked cops’ went following Serpico’s revelations to the New York Times when he found his superiors unresponsive and incapable of dealing with what he encountered. Rather than being a case of a problem that had been so long unknown that it was beyond control, much like a houseful of termites within the framework, what Serpico uncovered in the 1960s and early 1970s was a case of so many individuals embroiled in the action that it was nearly impossible to find superiors capable of following through on investigations without implicating themselves. Reading through the slightly fictionalized biography of Frank Serpico reveals not only the extraordinary conditions in which he finds himself, but the several places in his life in which he was forced to make a difficult ethical decision, often at his own perso nal cost and suggests places in which an equally ethical criminal justice administrator might have been of significant assistance. The story opens up as Serpico is being rushed to the hospital after having been shot in the face in what is still debated as possibly an arranged ‘hit’ between the drug dealers and the police officers with whom he was working. Once it is properly established that this did not prove to be a fatal shot, although it came within fractions of a centimeter of being so, the novel turns to recount the past events of Serpico’s life that had brought him to the hospital that night and why suspicions of conspiracy were circulating. Touching only very briefly upon his childhood

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

2 - Assignment Example The McWane Story included various issues which are contrary to the obligations and requirements of a good employer. This include important problems and issues with the balance between profitability and the requirement for ethics in relation to social and environmental matters that culminated into health and safety issues and major employment challenges that led to important and serious problems for the employees of the organization. Primarily, McWane was fundamentally involved in ensuring that profitability was at the center of its practice and its operations. This includes the focus on profits rather than other issues and matters like working with sensitivity and concerns for employees and workers. This led to a strong desire and a strong quest for attaining profits without concerning workers of the plant. OSHA Rules have various requirements for employers like McWane. This includes the fact that employers are required to follow health and safety in protecting employees in dealing with their work. However, McWane’s Tyler Pipes plant was one that overlooked numerous processes and systems that was necessary to improve profitability. However, this process was limited because the firm focused significantly on profits without concerning themselves with the demands and expectations of workers. Safety was sacrificed for meeting productivity targets and for ensuring that workers continue to attain important results and important ends. This led to numerous accidents and processes that led to important processes and systems. The management practices and processes of McWane were such that workers were required and expected to adhere to strict management practices and standards. The implication was that the managers had to overlook important employment statutes including some Common Law and other legal requirements for the regulation of employee

Employment law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employment law - Research Paper Example Lastly, the candidates should provide references (Wrycza 150). After submitting the job application form, the applicants wait for the short listing of successful applicants who will have to undergo an interview. The interview format refers to how the interview is going to be conducted. It should be pre-planned. The interview program and questions should be written in advance to save time and avoid embarrassment. Questions that are not permissible should be exempted. For example, religion, race, tribe, genetic information, marital status, nationality origin and arrest records. Candidates may also be required to fill an E.E.O.C form. However, this should not require information that can lead to discrimination for example, race, disability, genetic information, religion or pregnancy. Successful candidates should affirm their readiness to abide by the conflict of interest policy for the company. This will include all areas of their responsibilities towards the company. Employees should s ign the employee acknowledgment form prior to employment. This states that they are ready to abide by the company’s rules and safety policies they have read. Outside employment According to Burton (123), there is an outside employment policy that guides on employees having an outside employment. They are allowed the outside employment on condition that it does not interfere with their performance in their duties. These include CACFP-related responsibilities. It should also be done off the current employer’s premises and outside the employee’s functional work schedule. Job post policy There are policies that guide and protect both the employer and employee postemployment. The Family Leave policy grants employees to take a family leave after working for at least one year with minimum of 1250 working hours within the 12-month period prior to the leave application. The Family pregnancy policy entitles maternity leave for expectant mothers. The sexual harassment poli cy aims at maintaining a working environment that is void of any form of sexual harassment. Allegations of sexual harassment are taken seriously and legal action taken against the accused be it a fellow employee or the employer (Sunshine Village 7). The harassment policy provides for the maintenance of a working environment that is void of any form of harassment. Complains of such should be urgently treated as grievances Personal appearance is important. All staff employees should be neat and clean while on duty. Attention should be paid on grooming, cleanliness and tidiness in hair, clothing and general personal hygiene. Employees must present a good professional outlook. In the manufacturing job, dust coats are won. However, they should be clean and neat. The E.E.O.C. provides that no one should be denied employment on discriminatory grounds. These include disability, race, sex, age among others. All applicants must have equal opportunity to employment. The handicap/ disability po licy requires that persons with disabilities should not be denied employment, promotion, transfer or be discriminated against due to their disabilities as along as they can demonstrate ability to cope and perform in the employment. Medical examinations should only be conducted after employment. No employee should also be fired to their medical conditions or disabilities that may be revealed from this. The human resource department issues out the current benefits sheets to employees. Benefits entitled to employees may

Applied research methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Applied methods - Research Proposal Example Opening up another store is a part of the rigorous expansion plan that the business has on its cards (http://www.debenhams.com). Debenhams plc is a UK based retailing business, operating as a departmental store within UK and across various countries. It is also listed at the LSE by the symbol DEB. The business was formed centuries back in 1778. As of April 2009, the company owned over 150 outlets and 40 franchises (http://www.debenhams.com). The revenues for the firm, for the year 2008, exceeded GBP 1.8 billion, while operating income was in excess of GBP 170 million; the net income figure remained over GBP 70 million, with an employee base of over 27,000 individuals (http://www.debenhams.com). Based on the above discussion, it can be stated that the aim of this research is to conduct the various research techniques, primarily the questionnaires and focus groups on the prospect customers and interviews from the company officials (as the later chapter of proposed study states). The underlying objective of the research would be to realize the realistic conditions and ground realities amongst the prospect customers that are they actually in a welcome mode for a new store in their respective region. It is important to absorb as many subtle cultural comments about the proposed stores as possible, so a relaxed survey and focus group environment is essential, yet the retailing concept being discussed must be as realistic to the respondent as possible. The absolute ideal situation would be to conduct the surveys in a complete simulation of the real version of the store being proposed, including fully-stocked display racks, lighting, flooring, sounds, smells, air conditioning, cash registers etc. and with realistic prices, so that the customer gets a clear idea of what they are being asked to pay for and why. If a full-scale mock-up is unaffordable a large-screen presentation of a virtual simulation of a store would be prove critical. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Retailing and Retail Business Dunne (2004, p 52) states, and is agreed by various authors such as Findlay (2002, p 105), Bruce (2004, p 60), Hinfelaar (2004, p 90) and Cateora (2002, p 205), that retail sector is one of the booming sectors in the global economy today, with not just boom associated but tremendous level of competition also associated to the line of business. Retailing business is mainly the approach from business to consumer, or more commonly stated as B2C approach of a business, whereby, the goods and services are transferred from business to consumers/customers via fixed locations such as departmental stores, display showrooms, etc (Journal of Retailing, p 140). Supermarkets, departmental stores, factory outlets, fast food, grocery shops, are prime examples of retailing business, while the real companies that can

Company initiatives (5yr plan) and intellectual properties Research Paper

Company initiatives (5yr plan) and intellectual properties - Research Paper Example In September 2012, Chief Executive Officer of Ford , Alan R. Mulally declared that the company would introduce numerous new models in its vehicle range in order to strengthen its European division, where the company wants to bring its iconic sports car i.e. Mustang (The New York Times Company, 2012). Ford operates under two divisions, firstly, automotive sector and secondly, financial services. The company’s automotive division operates in various locations umder the name of Ford such as North America, South America, Asia Pacific and Europe. On the other hand, within financial services, the company has ‘Ford Motor Credit Company’ where it provides vehicle financing for its customers (The New York Times Company, 2012). . Determining if the Company Has a Definite Planned Initiative Within the Next 5 Years Over the past few years, Ford has implemented ‘One Ford Plan’ which helps to sustain its successful journey along with maintaining a profitable future for the company. Through this plan, the company provides a brand promise to its customers all over the world. ... It has been observed that the automobile industry faces numerous challenges such as economic downturns, fluctuation of fuel prices and government restrictions regarding the reduction of CO2 emission. In order to deal with such challenges Ford has planned to take effective initiatives in the next 5 years by introducing fuel saving technology driven vehicles at affordable prices. Moreover, in 2012, the company has implemented â€Å"Blueprint for Mobility† plan in order to uphold sustainability which helps it to enhance operational efforts in future. This plan is also considered as a kind of initiative which the company aims to follow in the next five years. Ford declared that by 2015, it would follow a plan where the company aims to reduce the amount of water required to make a vehicle by 30%. Another sustained initiative that the company has taken is reducing the quantity of waste materials and unnecessary raw-materials (Ford Motor Company, 2012). According to the annual report of Ford for the year 2011, it had planned regarding bringing in seven new innovative models of vehicles by the year 2015 in various operational locations. Ford also strongly focuses in its long-term plans in terms of improving quality, reliability along with ensuring affordable prices which the company is aiming to uphold in the next five years. Moreover, Ford also takes various initiatives for bringing in its fuel efficiency models with advanced technologies. By 2015, the company plans to invest US$16 billion within US manufacturing units as well as aims to continue quality product development in order to ensure consumer preference (Ford Motor Company, 2011). Identify the Company's 5 Years Planned Initiative In

The effects of war on a soldier Essay Example for Free

The effects of war on a soldier Essay War will never be pretty or fun. It will always be gruesome and will cause the loss of many lives. Everyone grieves over those lives that were lost, but what about the people that live? What about the people that are in the military hospitals who are now amputees? How about the ones that have psychological problems? What about those who have physical and mental issues? People are often not informed of this. One type of a mental disease is known as PTSD, there is a cause, effects, and treatment to this often carried war disease. Through out history, war has been defined as a state of open, armed, often-prolonged conflict. We have fought in these many wars over such things as oil or different beliefs. A good example would be the World War 1. Most wars the men where young, ranging from ages of eighteen to twenty-six. These are the men that got these two terrible disorders. These are where the most terrible psychological issue occurred, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The two terrific disorders PTSD and Shell Shock, may have some similar symptoms, but have completely different effects and long-term issues. PTSD results from exposure to an overwhelmingly stressful event or series of events, such as war, rape, or abuse. It is a normal response by normal people to an abnormal situation. The traumatic events that lead to PTSD are typically so extraordinary or severe that they would distress almost anyone. These events are usually sudden. A good example of how a person would get this disorder from war would be seeing your friend being killed, being in the trenches too long, and possibly the constant artillery bombings. This entire trauma that they experience will have a dramatic effect. The amygdale, a structure in the brain, is part of the limbic system that is involved in the expression of emotion, especially fear, increased heart rate and blood pressure, the startle response, and emotional memory. It is said that with long-term exposure to these traumatic experiences your brain functions are changed or altered. The area of the brain that releases chemicals to cope with stress releases chemicals like opiates. Since the subject is repeatedly exposed to this trauma, this part of the brain goes  into overdrive and keeps producing these chemicals even when it may not need them. These chemicals are suspected of causing some of the symptoms of PTSD. Dissociative states, flashbacks, intrusive emotions and memories, nightmares and night terrors avoiding emotions, relationships, responsibility for others, and avoiding situations that are reminiscent of the traumatic event often occur. Exaggerated startle reaction , explosive outbursts, Irritability, panic symptoms, and sleep disturbance also occur. These are all the symptoms of PTSD. As you can see, there are vast amount of signals or signs that people exhibit who have PTSD. Men who have PSTD caused by war, have showed more of the hyper arousal and intrusive symptoms. The reason is that you read all the time about how war veterans have flash back and how they are startled very easily. There are many types of treatments along with drugs they can take to help cope with this disorder, one being psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is used to help the victim confront these painful memories to which the memories will no longer affect the way they live. There are certain steps within this process where the therapist walks the victim through the trauma and help he/she understand the feelings. Another type of treatment is EMDR, is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Supposedly, stimulating rapid eye movement helps the victim cope and process the traumatic event. This is usually added into psychotherapy, it is rarely used alone. Along with these two treatments a lot of pharmaceutical agents are used to help the victim cope. For example, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and anti-anxiety agents can be used. Overall, PTSD is somewhat treatable but most likely the victims are going to lapse into another psychological disorder.

Language as a badge of identity Essay Example for Free

Language as a badge of identity Essay Language is used every day to communicate with one another but beneath that conversation lies another message. The speaker’s use of language gives listeners insight as to who they are, like a badge of identity on their chest. Australian English’s unique phonology and lexicon is recognised globally and distinguishes it from other accents, giving the speaker a clear national identity. Ethno-lects are spoken by a specific group of people who have the same cultural background. These â€Å"ethno-lects† not only help express an individual’s identity and separate themselves from the rest, but also assist in bringing together speakers from similar backgrounds; much like a football jersey. Text speak is constantly evolving as lexemes are taking on new changes. Many teenagers and younger children have begun to adopt this in an attempt to identify with others and fit in. Through language, we can get a glimpse of a person’s identity but they can use the same medium to change that identity as well. Australian English is unlike other Englishes in many different aspects, especially phonetically morphologically and semantically. Phonology plays a great role in national identity as it is what creates different accents. The broad, ocker Australian accent with its trademark nasal, flattened vowels is one of the key elements of Australian linguistics that sets it apart from the rest of the world. Diphthongs in lexemes like â€Å"high† are more rounded, resulting in /hoÉ ª/. Phonetic features such as these are easily identified as Australian. Slang is another feature of Australian English that sets it apart from others. Replacing suffixes with vowels is a good example of this. â€Å"Afternoon† becomes â€Å"arvo†, names like â€Å"Barry† becomes â€Å"Bazza† and by replacing the last element with an ‘-o’, the adjective â€Å"povo† has undergone a word class shift from the noun â€Å"poverty†. Popular culture has also influe nced Australian English, with ABC television series J’amie, Private School girl introducing a semantic and word class shift of ‘quiche’ (a noun meaning a savoury open-faced pastry) to an adjective to describe an attractive individual. Australia’s linguistic innovation displays individuality and opposes claims that slang is borrowed from America.  Australian English shows both national pride and identity. Teenagers are at the age when they are starting to establish their identity. Neologisms are created by teenagers to claim a different identity from that of children or adults. As adults become more familiar with these lexemes and their use, teenagers abandon them or alter the semantics and use to maintain a linguistic barrier. A good example of this is the well-known acronym â€Å"lol† which stands for Laugh Out Loud. As more adults become aware of this lexical item and start to include it in their daily texts, teenagers have brought it into speech as an exclamatory and discourse particle. The case of the letters now also alters the semantics; when typed in lower-case, â€Å"lol† is sarcastic whilst â€Å"LOL† in capital letters shows true amusement. It is evident that this constant changing of terms by teenagers is a sign of rebellion and an effort to keep a linguistic barrier between themselves and adults, thus maintaining a separate identity. The malleability of the lexicon is taken advantage of by teenagers to form a linguistic barrier between themselves and unwanted people such as adults and other teenagers who don’t belong in their group. Thus, a unique identity is maintained. While teenagers are constantly seeking to separate themselves from children and adults, they are also pressured to conform to the teenage group. Acronyms such as â€Å"idek† (I don’t even know) and â€Å"tbh† (to be honest) are now frequently used lexicon in a teenager’s text vocabulary due to connotations of â€Å"cool† and â€Å"modern† being associated with them. Similarly, whatever was once popular amongst a teenager’s discourse. In time, it was shortened to â€Å"whatevs† and this trend spread quickly amongst them as a result of peer pressure and the need to be fashionable. Professor Steven Pinker suggests the reason for this is because â€Å"the coolest kids decide to talk that way and it spreads like wildfire†. Individuals who wish to associate with others who sit higher on the â€Å"social pyramid† will pick up their speech habits and wear it as a new badge of identity. Having their own exclusive vocabulary allows teenagers to relate to each other and share the same identity, giving them a sense of belonging to a group. Language can be worn as a badge of identity, giving speakers national,  interpersonal and intrapersonal identity. The phonology of Australian English gives the speaker a distinct accent and, paired along with its unique slang, makes it identifiable across the globe. In order to separate themselves from adults and children, teenagers build a linguistic barrier by creating neologisms and maintaining that barrier by constantly altering lexicon to avoid adults becoming too familiar with them. On the other hand, inside the teenage group is a drive to conform and use similar language in an attempt to fit in with peers and to have a sense of belonging. Language is used as a badge of identity regardless of what that identity is. Bibliography Das, S, 2005. Struth! Someones nicked me Strine. The Age, 29 January. 34. Seaton, M, 2001. Word Up. Guardian, 21 September. 46.

Induced Electromotive Force in Potatoes | Experiment

Induced Electromotive Force in Potatoes | Experiment I was first introduced to vegetative electric energy during my freshman year in high school, when our chemistry teacher showed a lemon battery at work as we were studying Electrochemistry. I got very intrigued with the idea of generating electricity with lemons, and I later learnt that many organic substances exist which can also produce electricity. The next year of my high school, I heard about the global consumption of power, and how the earths natural resources were getting depleted, and got an idea that if natural organic batteries were developed, the resources of the earth would remain stable. Thus I took up this study to help me explore the possibility of organic fuel cells and its capability of generating electromotive force. For this study I will take potatoes into consideration because of their high acid content and the relative accessibility of it. The acid responsible for the generation of EMF within the potato is Phosphoric acid, but my experiment will deal with what causes the change in the EMF when the potatoes are boiled. Initially I thought the cause lied in the varying concentration of the electrolyte, but upon further study and research found the reason to lie within the cell membranes of the potatoes that get ruptured during the boiling process of the potatoes, thereby varying the EMF generated. After maize, wheat, and rice, potato is the worlds fourth most important food crop with an annual production of more than 323 x 106 tons with more than one-third coming from developing countries. Thus if potatoes do prove to be beneficial asset, it can able easily adopted by those who are lacking electrical infrastructure as part of the daily routine since it is cheap and requires no special skills for assembly. RESEARCH QUESTION: How does the induced electromotive force generated from the potatoes depend on the state of the potato (i.e. Fresh potato vs. Boiled Potato)? INTRODUCTION: The first batteries were researched and invented by Volta when he made a device capable of producing electricity by the mere contact of conducting substances of different species. The invention of Voltaic battery had marked the birth of a new era in the development of modern physics and made a significant change in our lifestyle. Battery technology has without a doubt seen progress, starting from it being dependent on organic/biological matters to it becoming more efficient using inorganic-reaction-based technology. However from the end of the 20th century, biological batteries were just a mere science experiment performed in highs school, however with the growing concern of depleting the earths resources, there has been a new found interest in the development of organic fuel cells. In order to highlight this growing interest, I have performed a study regarding the basic school experiment of a potato battery. For the first part of my study, I will perform the normal experiment by making a potato cell, using Zinc and Copper electrodes and recording the electromotive force (EMF) generated. Now, for the second part, I will boil the potatoes and record the readings of the EMF generated. I will compare the two results, and comment about my observations, and make possible conclusions about why there is a change in EMF generated or why there is no change in EMF generated. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochemistry deals with the inter-conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy. This study will deal with the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy (Electrochemical Cells). An electrochemical cell mainly consists of two major components: left hand electrode (LHE) and the right hand electrode (RHE). In LHE, oxidation (loss of electron) takes place and is called the anode. In RHE, reduction (gain of electron) takes place and is called cathode. Anode is generally of that metal (or substance) which readily loses electrons (i.e. Oxidized easily). Cathode is a metal which readily accepts electrons (i.e. Reduced easily). There are two specific ways in order to create an electrochemical, voltaic or galvanic cell. Method 1: Put the LHE (anode) into the solution of the electrolyte of the Cathode (containing the ions of the cathode). This allows the anode to loose electrons per atom and the ions present in the electrolyte accept the electrons. Thus, the cathode ions from the solution in this manner get deposited in order to form the metals of the respective cathode and the metal anode goes into the solution as ions. The reaction can be understood with two half-cell reactions: Oxidation M Anode (S) Mn+(aq) Anode+ ne- Reduction: Mn+(aq) Cathode + ne- M Cathode(S) _ ___________________________________________________ Overall Reaction: M Anode(S) + Mn+(aq) Cathode M Cathode (S) + Mn+(aq)Anode Where, M Anode(S) is the element that gets oxidized at the anode, M Cathode(S) is the element that gets reduced at the cathode, ne- is the number of electrons lost/gained during the reaction A rod of that metal is prepared and placed into one of its own solution in LHE to get anode. In RHE, a rod of metal that loses electrons less easily as compared to the metal of LHE is prepared and put into one of the solution to get the cathode. LHE and RHE are also known as two-half cells. Now the electrons move from anode (LHE) to cathode (RHE) and hence a current flow is maintained in the external circuit. This current flow is due to the fact that a potential difference is created this and this is called the E.M.F, electromotive force of a cell. The two separate containers are connected by a inverted tube U shaped tube called as salt bridge. The salt bridge contains solution of strong ionic salts like NaCl, NaNO3 and KCl etc. (salts of most reactive alkali metals) soaked in colloidal solution of agar-gel which only allows movements of ions, not water. The role of the slat bridge is very important as it allows the continuous discharge of the cell. The salt bridge keeps the two solutions electrically neutral to one another. In the Fe-CuSO4 cell, in the left cell as Fe loses electrons, excess of positive charge in the form of Fe2+ is collected near the LHE and as Cu2+ ions gets discharged accepting electrons form Fe in the right hand cell, excess of negative charge in the form of SO42- is accumulated near the RHE. Now the salt bridge provides positive charge to RHE (in form of K+ ions) and negative charge to the LHE (in the form Cl-) and thus bringing about the neutrality of two solutions. If this does not take place, a reverse potential difference is created in the two compartments and thus breaking the continuous supple of voltage (current), which is the purpose of the cell. The efficiency of a cell is determined by the tendency of LHE to loose electrons and the tendency of RHE to accept electrons. A measure of cell efficiency is called as electromotive force (EMF) or the voltage or the difference in potentials of two electrodes. EMF is defined as the difference in the potential across LHE and RHE to which electrons from anode travel to cathode. My experiment consists of the above explanation with regard to a Secondary Battery or also called Galvanic Cell, which uses the main principles of the method mentioned above, but lacks a salt bridge but the cell membranes within the potato act as a salt bridge. The electrolyte in the potatoes is the phosphoric acid which does not actively participate in the reaction, since its main purpose is to make Zn loose electrons by oxidizing it, the potato provides the protons and the Cu plate remains unaffected by the acid bath. My storage battery is the potato, with the anode plate is made up of Zinc (Zn), while the cathode plate is Copper (Cu). The electrolyte which initiates the reaction or makes the reaction possible in potatoes is phosphoric acid (H3PO4). My experiment will involve the use of iron nails (Zn+2/Zn) acting as anode, and copper plates (Cu+2/Cu) as cathode. These are placed in an electrically conductive solution that allows  ions  to travel freely between the two metals in this case potato. The acid steadily eats away at the Zinc, a chemical reaction that releases spare zinc  electrons. These electrons then join with spare  hydrogen ions  in the acid to create hydrogen gas. Meanwhile, the copper remains unaffected even when submerged in acid but as soon as a conducting wire is connected between it and iron electrons flow from copper to Iron. The spare iron electrons are still intent on forming hydrogen gas, but they have an easier time doing it with the hydrogen surrounding the iron anode. So the electrons from the copper cathode travel through the wire to get to the iron. Batteries exploit this flow of electrons, therefore producing induced EMF. In most of the batteries, there is internal resistance which makes it impossible for the battery to produce 100% of its maximum potential difference. The same is applicable for the potato battery in the form of GAII (Galvanic apparent internal impedance, a trait related to both the salt bridge function of a given tissue delineated between electrodes and to the battery internal resistance properties). This electrical impedance can be a classified into further categories which is out of scope of this study. But the concept of GAII is useful as it can explain the relation between the EMF generated from a boiled potato as compared to a fresh potato. Thus the EMF generated from one potato is because of the potential difference created by the electrodes as in the above mentioned cases. But since the number of potatoes remains constant, the reacting species also is constant, i.e. when two potatoes are used, each potato will have an zinc and copper plate, and thus when the zinc gets oxidized by the potatoes, same electrons will enter the iron electrode from the copper, thus EMF generated should be same. But this is where my experiment differs. MY ORIGINALITY: Experiments have already been conducted on fresh potatoes and the induced EMF but, I planned to boil my potatoes and observe the readings of the EMF generated and compare the results obtained from performing the experiment with raw potatoes. The potatoes by default will be similar and will be microwaved in KCl solution for scientific vigor, and then after certain attainment of room temperature, the EMF generated will be recorded. The readings and the graph will make clear weather the boiling of potatoes changes the EMF and what makes the EMF generated to change. MY HYPOTHESIS The induced EMF generated from the experiment being performed with boiled potatoes compared to raw potatoes will decrease since the concentration of phosphoric acid will decrease, since the potatoes are boiled in aqueous solution, thus diluting the already present phosphoric acid, and thus since the concentration of the electrolyte decreases so will the rate of oxidization and reduction, eventually leading to the decrease in the EMF generated. The GAII may also play a part since when the potatoes are boiled the inner temperature of the potato increases causing denaturation and this might affect the flow of electrons thereby affecting the EMF generated. METHOD Battery Design Commercially available potatoes were used throughout, due to ease of accessibility and for economic factors. The mineral composition of the potatoes has been given in Table 1 of the appendix. I compared the EMF generated from cells made of potatoes treats as follows Raw/Fresh/untreated Boiled/treated For the preparation of the Galvanic cell, the potatoes in both cases were cut into 5x2x2cm and were sandwiched between the Iron and Copper plates. Potato Denaturation by Boiling I compared the electrical energy generated from untreated potatoes compared to that of treated potatoes. For scientific vigour, I immersed the sliced potatoes in 1 mol dm-3 KCl solution and microwaved at 800W for 5 minutes. Measurement of EMF The amount of EMF (V) generated was evaluated using a Vernier Lab Quest connected to the cell. The measurement was also taken for Current (I) and Power (P). These measurements were taken over a period of 2 hours over a constant load of equal resistance. In order to prevent the potato coming in contact with air it was covered with Parafilm in order to reduce drying and oxidation. VARIABLES INDEPENDANT VARIABLES: The independent variable in this experiment is the potatoes, or the state of the potatoes i.e. boiled or fresh. Thus the experiment will be carried out with fresh potatoes, and then further into boiled potatoes., For similar concentration, and volume of acid in potatoes, similar sized potatoes were taken so that the result will not deviate. The potatoes act as independent batteries, providing induced EMF as they are connected in series. The reason they act as a battery is because the copper and zinc electrode undergo redox reactions in the presence of the acid which acts as an electrolyte, which creates a potential difference and this is calculated to be EMF DEPENDANT VARIABLES: The dependant variable is the EMF generated by the potatoes when arranged in series. It will be measured with a Vernier Lab Quest which is connected to the computer The potential difference will be calculated, between the two extremes of the electrodes (anode and cathode => Zinc and copper plate). This given criteria is same for both the set up. The unit of measure is the Volt. The readings will be taken for two hours for each. CONTROLLED VARIABLES: The apparatus used was same throughout the experiment, since this will reduce mean deviation and the calculations will be done with respect to the other readings therefore, error is less The temperature in the room was controlled and was kept at 300K and this is with respect to the room temperature and not the temperature of the potato. The arrangement of the potatoes and the beakers was done in series since that would accurately judge between the EMF discrepancies between boiled and unoiled potatoes. Similar sized potatoes were taken in the hopes that the concentration of phosphoric acid would be similar; therefore the readings will not have much discrepancy relative to each other. When the potatoes were boiled, all were boiled to the same temperature, for the same amount of time, and were removed from the water bath at approximately the same time The apparatus was cleaned thoroughly before performing each experiment so as to reduce discrepancies in the readings, with respect to other readings. The amount of insertion of the Iron and copper into the potato was same throughout all the experiments at 3 ±0.1cm. The potatoes were all sliced up into the following dimension 5 x 2 x 2 cm and were sandwiched between the electrodes. The part of the potato exposed to the air was covered with Parafilm in order to prevent the potato from drying and reduction. CONSTANT VARIABLE: The copper plate and the iron nails used were the same throughout the experiment, so was the location where the experiment took place so as to keep all errors due to pressure and temperature constant. The same water bath was used to boil the potatoes, in order to keep the potatoes at constant temperature with regard to each other. The time taken for recording the EMF generated from the potatoes in both cases was taken as 2 hours. DATA AND GRAPHS ACTUAL REACTIONS TAKING PLACE Oxidation: Zn: Zn Zn++ + 2e- , E0 = 0.76V, Reduction: Cu: 2H+ + 2e- H2 , E0 = 0.00V Overall: Zn + 2H+ Zn++ + H2, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬   E0 = 0.76V REASON FOR THE REACTIONS AND ANALYSIS OF DATA My results conclude that Zn electrode and the reduction of hydrogen at the Cu electrode are the dominating reactions which give rise to EMF, Current Density and the potential difference. Maximum power delivered by boiled potato cells with ruptured membranes may reach values an order of magnitude higher than that generated by untreated potato. When the data was compared, a direct relationship between the ability of the potato battery to deliver power and GAII (Galvanic apparent internal impedance, a trait related to both the salt bridge function of a given tissue delineated between electrodes and to the battery internal resistance properties) becomes evident. The significant increase in electric energy generation with membrane destruction shows that the ionic diffusivity through the tissue bridge between electrodes is the reason behind this phenomenon, as effective diffusivity of protons increases with membrane rupture. In contrast, the rate of proton flux is reduced when cell membranes are intact probably due to the tortuosity of the extracellular space as well as the equivalent reduction in the concentration of the electrolytes per unit volume when the intracellular fluids do not actively participate in the ionic transport. CONCLUSION: From the data and the graphs it is clearly visible that my hypothesis was inaccurate, since the EMF generated did not decrease with the boiling of potatoes, but increased and also lasted longer under the same external load compared to the fresh potato. The potato serves only as a medium for the movements of electrons from the zinc electrode. The potato supplies the protons thus generating electricity. Fresh potatoes do it, but the strong internal resistance makes it very inefficient. Boiling the potato destroys membranes and possibly some part of the cell walls, thus reducing significantly the internal resistance and increase 10 folds the generation of power. The bio electrolytic low power electrical energy source introduced in this study brings an dimension to the utilization of the globally fourth most abundant crop accessible essentially all over the world, made of solid components and requires low financial investment compared with solar or conventional batteries. EVALUATION: The experiment was conducted in a non-ideal conditions which could lead to errors:~ Systematic Error: The Parafilm had foreign bodies or had an unwanted flaw which could have not given me an accurate reading The reading of the electronic balance may also have a manufacturing defect, thereby leading to a difference in the times taken. The lab quest may be defective or may have been inaccurate which may have given inaccurate results. The microwave may not have operated throughout the five minutes at 800W, thus leading to a variation in the temperature achieved by the potato in order to break the cell membrane. Random Errors: There might have been a gap or hole in the Parafilm leading to increased drying of the potato thereby affecting the EMF generated. Human parallax error when adjusting the volume of the solutions by taking only the lower meniscus. The apparatus used may contain remnants of other chemicals leading to an impure solution. The temperature of the room was taken to be constant, but there might have been fluctuation in the actual temperature thus leading to heat loss, and null results. The electronic balance might not have been zeroed out to take the new reading or might have had impurities which could have given inaccurate readings The microwave may not have run for exactly 5 minutes, thus leading to different boiling degrees EMF of the potato was taken every 3 seconds from the start of the reaction and thus the increase/decrease would not be exactly accurate, leading to a discrepancy in data.

Essay --

CHAPTER 3 STATUS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE AVAILABLE IN THE COUNTRY People affected by mental health conditions are forced to hide their illness to avoid discrimination, which they might be subjected to in all aspects of their lives, even in healthcare settings where they receive poorer quality care. This is one of the reasons why people with mental health conditions live shorter lives. But, most tragic of all are the frank human rights abuses, from eviction, to chaining, and to violence, endured by people in their homes, in mental hospitals and in traditional healing centres. It is no surprise that a substantial proportion of the homeless in India’s cities are affected by a mental health condition. (Vikram Patel, Legislating the Right to Care for Mental Illness) Vikram Patel believes that the sophisticated and complicated psychiatry scares many people. His agenda is to demystify the mental health. Community based epidemiological studies have estimated the life-time prevalence of mental disorders to range from 12†¢2% to 48†¢6%, according to the WHO Mental Health GAP Action Programme. Data for India show a prevalence of 200 cases per 1,00,000 people for schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder, respectively, while three in 10,000 people experience an episode of acute psychosis every year. Additionally, 1% of people have severe mental disorders. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare estimates that 6—7% of India's population suffers from a mental disorder. (http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)62083-1/fulltext) This is coupled with the fact that the vast majority of mentally ill and their families do not have their mental condition recognised and do not have access to the right kind of treatments. A wide range... ...HM), India's flagship initiative to integrate vertical health programmes under one umbrella, has yet to be achieved.(http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)62083-1/fulltext ) Presently, most of the rural population approach traditional healers(religious saints,tantriks(black magicians), unregistered medical practitioners, and quacks) for treating mental health problems. The so-called therapy, conducted by witch doctors or family members, can include chaining up the mentally ill, chanting spells, poking them with pins, or beating them "to force the evil spirits out." Serious response mechanisms to tackle the dismissal state of mental health in India need to be urgently undertaken. The following chapter would deal with this structure that, which when implemented, would ensure an earnest redressalof lacunae of mental health in the country.

The Avalon Ballroom :: essays research papers

The Avalon Ballroom Mostly everyone has a hero, role model, or someone to look up to. These people can significantly affect your lifestyle, and what you do. The Avalon Ballroom by Ann Hood displays this type of character as the father of Lily, the protagonist. This highly respected patriarch inspires her to do many things, like to go to college at Princeton University just as he did. Lily seems to want to follow her father’s footsteps by going to Princeton University. This â€Å"god-like† figure has affected Lily’s entire family in many ways. Lily is enthused by Trip, her father, and is obvious when she said â€Å"I need to come up with $2,000 so that I can go to Princeton in the fall. That’s why I work all these stupid jobs and why I never get to go to the clubs with everyone else. I’m saving every penny to go to Princeton. Don’t ask me why, but going there is like the most important thing in my life.†(Hood 17) Throughout the story, Lily tries very hard to get the money, and doesn’t waste any, that it drives her to be angered with her mother when she said â€Å"I’m thinking, why doesn’t she write something that makes money? Maddie Hazelton’s mother writes articles for magazines and gets at least $2,000 every time. I even tried to write one, but I got a rejection letter that basically s aid, ‘Forget it.’ My mother could do it, though. One article and my problem would be solved. One article about cellulite and I’d be on my way to Princeton.†(Hood 20) It is unbelievable how much the characters admire him. A quote that shows the adoration for even the slightest things, such as doing what he did, is displayed by this: â€Å"‘I’ve got some great news,’ I tell her. ‘I got into Princeton.’ ‘Princeton!’ Ottie shrieks. ‘A real Harper this one is. Carrying on the tradition. My, my.’ She beams at me and her orange lipsticked lips seem to take over her entire face.†(Hood 22) This venerable man is thought about by Pearl, Lily’s grandmother, and Sara, Lily’s mother, every single day. This inability to accept that he is gone, and to move on, has cause them both to construct shrines! These shrines are made up of numerous possessions of Trip’s, and are described by this quote: â€Å"Pearl already has a shrine to my father. It’s in his old bedroom, which still smells vaguely of a gym locker, all socks and soap.

The Rhetoric of Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine Essays -- Christophe

The Rhetoric of Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine The hero of Christopher Marlowe’s Tamburlaine the Great did not lead the life of any ordinary Scythian shepherd. Throughout the course of the drama, the once lowly Tamburlaine is bent on a path of unstoppable conquest, upheld as much by intense personal charisma and power of speech as by the strength of his sword. He exemplifies this eloquence throughout his many speeches in the play, not least of which is his â€Å"Thirst of Reign† address to the defeated usurper of the Persian crown. Tamburlaine’s speech is delivered with the intention of justifying, to Cosroe and all others present, the righteousness of his own ambitions, and inviting them to share in the same. He achieves this end by skillfully employing in his speech Aristotle’s three canonized methods of persuasion: logos, pathos, and ethos. Tamburlaine begins his address with a subtle use of ethos, an appeal to his own credibility as a leader worthy of respect. He does this by comparing his own desire for the â€Å"sweetness of a crown† to that of â€Å"mighty Jove,† who threw his father Ops down from the heavenly chair for this same reason. By this line of persuasion, Tamburlaine is following in the very footsteps of the mighty god, and fulfilling a goal established as worthy by a most divine precedent. This comparison serves to glorify his bloody path, and subtly clarifies him as a mighty persona in majestic uprising, not simply a violent, sheep-herding rebel. Tamburlaine’s bolstering of his own person is followed by a justification of the very act of ambitious conquest by means of logos, a logical appeal to reason. He argues that â€Å"Nature†¦Doth teach us all to have aspiring... ...nd morally questionable to audience and readers alike. The depiction of ruthless conquest as an admirable and heroic endeavor could only be done successfully if it were shielded by language as beautiful as it is capable of persuasion. Despite this quality of speech, there is a certain weakness in the address that the modern reader is privy to: the idea of four warring elements composing our frames is quaintly erroneous. Aristotle himself would be quick to point out that a logical argument based on faulty assumptions is a faulty argument, so Tamburlaine’s use of logos in this speech rings somewhat hollow on ears which can pick out the flaw in his persuasions. Not that this flaw would come as a surprise to an educated modern reader, as they would likely already distrust any justification of violent domination that history has repeatedly shown to be far from admirable.

Human Rights Issues Essay

Nelson Mandela once said, â€Å"To deny people their human rights is to challenge their very humanity.† This quote is a powerful tool that can help one analyze and understand the severity of failing to guard the rights of their neighbours. When one person forcibly removes or denies another of their God-given rights, they are taking away that persons freedom, and ultimately committing a sin against God. The purpose of this essay is to prove how failing to protect and respect others rights is detrimental to ones relationship with God. Through examining some of the basic human rights in the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and various Sacred Scriptures, one can come to understand the importance of human rights and their correlation with the Catholic Faith. On December 10th 1948, the United Nations established a very important document known as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations 1). This document was written shortly after the second World War in an effort to secure the rights that belong to all people. Although this document proved to be somewhat successful in bringing peace and harmony amongst people, remains an abundance of unjust acts taking place in the world. The official teaching of the Catholic Church has acknowledged the positive value of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Pope John Paul II declared it to be, â€Å"A true milestone on the  path of humanity’s moral progress.† (Doctrine of the Church, 152). Although an agreement can be made upon the multiple benefits of this document, there still remains an abundance of violations against human rights that decrease the moral standings of those who preform such acts and those who chose to simply look away when these acts are being committed. The first article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that † All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood† (United Nations, 1). However there are around twenty-two thousand children that die everyday due to poverty related causes (Shah, 6). How is it that over one hundred and thirty-three million pounds of food are carelessly discarded every year in the United States of America while thousands of children are suffering worldwide due to malnutrition (Obradovich 4)? This valued document states individual rights yet it can not ensure that everyones rights are protected, which is why there are numerous lives that are taken due to the careless negligence of those who choose to turn a blind eye to the individuals whose rights are being stolen everyday. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a tool that can help one understand some of the basic human rights, however one must go beyond simply informing themselves on what human rights are. Once these rights have been read and understood, the value of human rights and their importance must be taken into consideration when making a moral decision to stand-up for those whose rights have been stolen. It is imperative that one recognizes the value of human rights in order to preserve them for others and strengthen ones relationship with God. â€Å"The movement towards the identification and proclamation of human rights is one of the most significant attempts to  respond effectively to the inescapable demands of human dignity† (Doctrine of the Church, 152). In this excerpt from the Church’s Magisterium, one can find that the Church directly connects human rights to human dignity. One  must first identify their rights and those that belong to every individual in order to do everything in their power to protect their rights and those of other individuals. It is in doing this that one can make a positive change in others lives and fulfill their needs for human dignity. Too often, people place others needs aside while they search for wealth and materialistic possessions, however one must pay specific attention to those living in developing countries. Ailments, crop failures, natural disasters, violence and corrupt governments continuously decrease the development of these countries and their people from joining the rest of humanity on an even playing field (The Family and Human Rights, 56). Everyday millions of children and adults are suffering in the global community and in order to provide the necessary aid, citizens of the first world must know the value of human rights and the worth of a human life to stand up for people in poor living conditions and fight for their rights. In an article written by David Hollenbach, he states that â€Å"It is striking how strongly the new Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church affirms the Catholic Church’s commitment to human rights as moral standards to which all nations and cultures should be held accountable† (Hollenbach 3). This excerpt of the article highlights the importance of everyone of every individual abiding, protecting and being held accountable for ones rights and the rights of others. Rights are not only statements that are placed as suggestions for people, they must be followed and respected by everyone living in every part of the world. â€Å"There rights are ‘universal, inviolable, inalienable'† (Doctrine of the Church, 153). These rights are present in  everyone regardless of age, gender, race and religious beliefs. It would be useless to proclaim human rights if they were not being respected and protected by all people, for all people. Lastly, No one has the right to deny another of their rights as this would violate their very dignity and nature. It is evident that human rights are extremely valuable and are common amongst all people. Once one has learned about what the basic human rights are and their importance, then they must be applied into ones everyday life to help ensure that the rights are being practiced, but more  importantly, that others rights are being defended. There exists a positive correlation between The Catholic Church’s teachings and Human Rights. When one is violated, the other also suffers the negative effects and ones relationship with God is harmed. A section in the article written by David Hollenbach states, â€Å"Like earlier church documents, the compendium grounds the link between Christian faith and human rights in the dignity of the human person as created in the image of God† (Hollenbach, 7). This is emphasizing how everyone is created in the image and likeness of God, and is deserving of dignity and respect. Failing to safeguard ones rights is equivalent to denying said person of his or her humanity. David also states, â€Å"Consequently, the church’s work in support of human rights is essentially connected to its mission to proclaim the Gospel† (Hollenbach 4). Promoting and protecting the rights of all God’s people is viewed as a moral act and anything done to counteract the progress of human rights is seen as an act against God in the eyes of the Catholic Church. Human rights is directly linked to the vocation of every Christian and the Church’s mission. (Council for the Family, 32). It is every Christian’s moral duty to promote peace amongst people and to protect not just ones own, but everyones rights. There is a clear crossover between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; that outlines everyones individual rights and freedoms,  and Christian ethics even though there is no direct reference to God in the document. This is due to the fact that the articles and rights presented in this document are based on humanity’s  common conscience (The Family and Human Rights, 2). Through acts of Christian service, one can grow a deep appreciation for the other and an understanding of ones duty as a Catholic citizen to help others that cannot help themselves. These acts help one grow closer to God because they act in accordance with the Catholic moral duty to help the other. All in all, there is a clear link between human rights and the duty of every Catholic citizen to ensure that every persons rights are being protected. When one person  directly or indirectly neglects a persons rights, they are disobeying God and therefore, committing a sin against Him. Every individual, regardless or age, race, gender or religious beliefs has certain rights and freedoms that pertain to them from the moment of conception. It is ones moral duty to protect others’ rights and ensure that everyone is leading a life of fairness and equality. Through analyzing the United Nation’s Declaration of Human Rights, it is clear that human rights are crucial in an attempt to create a peaceful world and a happy relationship with God. It is also important that one values the necessity of human rights in order for that individual to do everything in their power to safeguard the rights of others. One can clearly identify the relationship between human rights and the Catholic Church when looking at various Catholic documents as they both relate to the basic common conscience of humanity. With the use of this information, it is necessary that one protects their rights and the rights of other individuals in order to grow a healthy relationship with God. Works Cited â€Å"Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church.† Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church. Web. 5 Mar. 2014. Hollenbach, David. â€Å"Human rights in Catholic thought: a new synthesis.† America 31 Oct. 2005: 16. Gale Power Search. Web. 7 Apr. 2014. Shah, Anup. â€Å"Poverty Facts and Stats.† Global Issues. 07 Jan. 2013. Web. 23 Apr. 2014. . â€Å"The Family and the Human Rights.† The Family and Human Rights. Web. 5 Mar. 2014. http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/family/documents/ rc_pc_family_doc_20001115_family-human-rights_en.html. â€Å"The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UDHR, Declaration of Human Rights, Human Rights Declaration, Human Rights Charter, The Un and Human Rights.† UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2014. . Obradovich, Kathie. â€Å"Throwing Away Food Fuels Climate Change.† Des Moines Register 23 May 2014: n. pag. Des Moines Register. Web. 23 May 2014.

Consequences of Syrian Conflict Essay

*Syria is now convoluted in an arm conflict surrounded by forces loyal to hot seat Bashar al Asad and get up fighters opposed to his rule. -Since major unrest began in knock against 2011, various reports suggest that betwixt 22,000 and 25,000 Syrians bugger off been killed. -U.S. officials and many a nonher(prenominal) analysts believe that President Bashar al Asad, his family members, and his other supporters will lastly be forced from power, precisely fewer offer specific, credible timetables for a resoluteness to Syrias ongoing crisis. -In the face of brilliant domestic and outside(a) pressure business for political change and for an end to fury against civilians, the Asad governing body offered contain reforms while withal meeting protests and fortify attacks with overwhelming force.-Nonviolent protests continued, only their apparent futility created frustration and anger inside the electric resistance ranks. -An increasing number of Syrian civilians befudd le taken up weapons in self-defense, although armed rebel attacks alter some potential supporters. -The governance acc practises the opposite word of carrying out bombings and assassinations targeting warrantor infrastructure, security personnel, and civilians in Damascus, Aleppo, Homs, and other areas. -Accounts of human rights abuses by both(prenominal) sides persist, with the majority attributed to security forces and armament units. Back causal agency*Syrians have long struggled with many of the same challenges that have bred deep dissatisfaction in other Arab autocracies, including naughty unemployment, high inflation, limited upward mobility, rampant corruption, lack of political freedoms, and repressive security forces. -These factors have fueled opposite word to Syrias authoritarian authorities, which has been dominated by the Baath (Renaissance) fellowship since 1963, and the Al Asad family since 1970. -President Bashar al Asads preceptorHafiz al Asadruled the country from 1970 until his shoemakers last in 2000. *Since taking office in 2000, President Asad has offered and retracted the prospect of limited political reform, while aligning his government with Iran and non-state actors such as Hamas and Hezbollah in a complex rivalry with the alight in States and its Arab and non-Arab allies (including Israel).-Syrias long-standing partnership with Russia has remained sacrosanct and is now the focus of intense diplomatical attention because Russia is one of the governments only remaining defenders. -As unrest emerged in other Arab countries in early 2011, Asad and many observers mistakenly believed that Syrias pervasive police force state and the populations business organization of sectarian violence would serve as a bulwark against the outbreak of turmoil. -Limited calls in February 2011 to organize reform protests failed, but the governments torture of children composite in an isolated incident in the southern town of Daraa in Ma rch provided a decisive spark for the issuing of demonstrations. -The use of force against demonstrators in Daraa and later in other cities created a corresponding swell in domain anger and public participation in protests. -The government organized large counterdemonstrations.-For lots of 2011 and early 2012, a cycle of latent hostility and violence intensified, as President Asad and his government paired limited reform gestures with the use of military force against protestors and armed enemy roots. -Violence was initially limited to certain locations but now has affected most major cities, including Damascus and Aleppo. -Members of different elites may hear compromise with the opposition, but at that place has been piddling public dissent from top regime figures. -Defections from the armed forces and from the political and business elites continue, and planetary sanctions and the disruptions of the conflict are creating hardship for nondescript Syrians.-As the conflict has dragged on, protestors and opposition fighters have rebelliously resisted government crackdowns, in spite of the delay of thousands of citizens and documented cases of torture and regime-instigated massacres. -The regime argues that opposition violence and abuses make a negotiated consequence impossible, and President Asad refuses to leave power.-In an August 2012 report, the fall in Nations Human Rights Council commission of inquiry on Syria found 2 sightly grounds to believe that Government forces and the Shabbiha( is a circumstance used in the context of the Syrian civil war to describe armed men in civilian apparel who assault protesters against the government of President Bashar Al-Assad.) had committed the crimes against humanity of murder and of torture, war crimes and piggy violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, including unlawful killing, torture, arbitrary hindrance and detention, sexual violence, indiscriminate attac k, pillaging and ravaging of property . -The commission found reasonable grounds to believe that war crimes, including murder, extrajudicial execution and torture, had been perpetrated by organized anti-Government armed groups.Consequences*Latest news from Syria shows that the West is not going to stop, continuing efforts to consolidate the opposition and give the military resistance to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) centralized character, with the division into districts and Action social movement of the rebel army. *At the same time, the rule-governed army of Syria increasingly showing signs of weakening. *Actually,the consequences of the fall of the Syrian regime are importantly differentiated for Russia, China and Iran but more vulnerable to such threats is the Islamic Republic, further a detailed consideration of these issues is beyond the scope of this article. -One post only gestate that at the critical point, these countries are more prefer to engage in a p ost-conflict settlement of fragmented Syria, which will vacate them to maintain a semblance of gaze for their interests and lost regional role and influence, preferably than spending more resources to preserve the regime.*Meanwhile, the consequences of military action in Syria, regardless of the outcome, can have an impact on the short letter in cardinal Asia and in exceptional in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and then create the conditions for the tightness in Xinjiang along the entire borders of these countries.* right off in Syria, according to public information, in addition to the Free Syrian troops and various local rebel groups there are several number of groups of jihadist orientation, trash in the ranks of the representatives of the Arab countries, as well as immigrants from Europe and other regions of the world, representing essentially large number mercenaries, under the auspices of the West, Turkey and the Arab monarchies. -But, for the countries of Central Asia, a s well as Russia and China, should be of particular concern the so-called group of Dzhebat al Nusra (Jabhat al-Nusra=(The Support Front for the concourse of Syria), is a militant group operating(a) in Syria.) or Al-Nusra front to nourish the Levant.*According to the latest information, in the ranks of this group, which is considered by many experts as branch of al-Qaeda, involved citizens of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia (natives of the North Caucasus), as well as citizens of the China (ethnic Uighurs). (Rim(8090))